The temperature of matter is a direct measure of the motion of the molecules: The greater the motion, the higher the temperature. The relationship between heat energy and temperature change is usually expressed in the form of specific heat. Given more energy the molecules will get more energy for motion, thus the matter gets higher temperature.
But this relationship doesn’t apply on latent heat, if a phase change is encountered the heat added or removed during this period will change the matter’s state and keep the temperature.
Heat added= specific heat *mass*(temperature difference)
Taking water and copper as an example, water must absorb 4,184 Joules of heat for the temperature of one kilogram of water to increase 1 degree Celsius (°C). While it only takes 385 Joules of heat to raise 1 kilogram of copper 1°C.
